Therapy

A therapeutic dose of phosphorous-32 is ingested by a patient. By monitoring the activity with a radiation detector, it was determined that the initial activity dropped by 50% after 7.0 days. If the "physical" half-life of a sample is 14.3 days, what is the biological half-life of P-32 in this particular patient?

First calculate the proportion expected to remain after 7.0 days from "physical" half-life

0.5^(7.0/14.3) = 0.712

thus the actual proportion remaining after 7 days is

.50/0.712 = 0.702

so if the biological elimination is first-order kinetics, we have

C(t) = C(0) x e^-kt

k = ln(1/.702) / 7 = 0.0220

and the half life is

ln(2)/0.0220 = 13.7 days

Wyeth is cautioning healthcare professionals about therapeutic drug monitoring for Rapamune (sirolimus). Rapamune is used to prevent organ rejection in certain renal transplant patients.

The company points out that Rapamune blood concentrations can be assayed using either chromatographic or immunoassay tests, and that the results of these two methodologies are not interchangeable. If the assay method were switched during a patient’s treatment with Rapamune, the dose of the drug might be adjusted improperly – too low a dose could lead to allograft rejection, and too high a dose could expose the patient to toxic side effects.

Wyeth is advising clinicians who manage patients on Rapamune to determine which assay is used in their laboratory, if there has been any change in the assay or in the laboratory’s reference range, and if the institution or referring center has changed its recommended range. The bottom line is that it is critical for clinicians to communicate with their laboratories about any changes in the assays used to measure blood concentrations in Rapamune patients.

FDA Patient Safety News: April 2010

For more information, please see our website:
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/psn/transcript.cfm?show=97#6

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my doc put me on 10 mg of citalopram all the reading I have been doing says that therapeutic dose is 20 – 60 mg. So will 10 mg do anything for me?

Celexa is a good anti-depressant. They usually start you on 10mg for a couple weeks. If the doctor does not suggest an increase to 20mg. Then just tell him/her that you think you need an increase. 20mg is generally a good starting dose.However,some doc’s do the 10mg first just to see if you’re ok on it.

Good luck

Wyeth is cautioning healthcare professionals about therapeutic drug monitoring for Rapamune (sirolimus). Rapamune is used to prevent organ rejection in certain renal transplant patients.

The company points out that Rapamune blood concentrations can be assayed using either chromatographic or immunoassay tests, and that the results of these two methodologies are not interchangeable. If the assay method were switched during a patient’s treatment with Rapamune, the dose of the drug might be adjusted improperly – too low a dose could lead to allograft rejection, and too high a dose could expose the patient to toxic side effects.

Wyeth is advising clinicians who manage patients on Rapamune to determine which assay is used in their laboratory, if there has been any change in the assay or in the laboratory’s reference range, and if the institution or referring center has changed its recommended range. The bottom line is that it is critical for clinicians to communicate with their laboratories about any changes in the assays used to measure blood concentrations in Rapamune patients.

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I rode Hunters for years and i was a pony child(my mom raised welshes). But after getting hurt Bad from a horse i have been in a wheel chair for the past 5 yrs. I just had 2 hip replacements . But threw it all I have been going to a place that dose therapeutic ridding. 3 yrs ago i feel in love with this 13.3 had pony he is 18 and built (wide) He is in good health but they r retiring him. i m 5"5 and 155lbs..I really just wanna do some light trail ridding maybe some dressage, I would get a bigger horse from some joe down the road But this pony is use to Wheel chairs and stands very calmly and knows what handicap ed ppl are. what do u think i should do?

Yes, ponies have a longer life span then horses do so don’t think he’s to old, so long as he’s in good health. And with you riding him rather then him being retired he will get more exercise and have a good chance of living and even longer life then if he was retired. He aslo sounds like he is a perfect size and match for you…
Good Luck!!!

OMG if you make it through reading this whole thing Il be more shocked than if I’m alive in 200 years. Hi im 6ft 1 in, extremely thin and 25 year old male. This spring I willfully and abruptly gave up abusing bad drugs that were getting in the way of my life. I was put on Adderall (works great) this June and later Ativan which I seldom take for once severe but progressively diminishing "post addict w/d acute anxiety". RIGHT WHEN I STARTED ADDERALL I quickly noticed that my heart has significant um Rhythm issues. Daily Palpitations of varying degrees, high resting rate, and blood pressure so erratic It can be as low as 86/67 and jump to 160/100 within just a few hours. The home monitor I have throws an "irregular heart rhythm" about 1 out of every 5 times I check. The palpatations and arrhythmias are physically noticeable, often but not always accompanying torso fatigue, and shortness of breath. Some skipped or irregular beats happen for just several seconds while others can form "episodes" lasting an hour or two. Conveniently none of this has been caught at the Hospital EKG and my CT brain scan came back clean to rule out stroke. I cant afford Holter monitoring. I don’t have much or any chest pain of a localized nature But sometimes momentary disturbance to my breathing pattern or rarely, shooting pains to my neck or down my left shoulder when my blood pressure is at its highest. . On days I do not take my adderall my heart will somewhat more stable, and the rate will drop, but still subject to irregular beats and circulation trouble/postural hypotension and low blood pressure will be awful, dropping to dangerously low levels when Im erect even if I choose to take caffeine or less often, smoke to compensate. One night this August in Arizona, I had an isolated 2 hour period of OBVIOUS ATRIAL FIRBILLATION. I fell asleep that way and since that particular irregularity has not resurfaced. The AF episode I suspect may have been triggered by combining marijuana with a normal dose of Tylenol Nightime Cold flu syrup and I now um avoid both. TO summarize, Ive experienced mostly isolated a large grab bag of scary symptoms randomly show or dont show like a "classroom attendance" by each particular "Arrhythmia session". These sympoms include from most to least frequent: thumping in chest, Inability to catch breath lying OR standing, vague numbness on left side face/scalp/ or right foot/lower leg. Mild and short duration blood pooling in hands and feet comorbid SEVERE postural hypotension. Anxiety (less frequent now), On some occasions Il get a feeling of shortness of breath where I feel as though the air i breathe does not contain oxygen… AND when I went to the ER 3 months ago about this major problem i was diagnosed as having anxiety after minimal and not so comprehensive testing. I believed him, until the symptoms carried on and the only problem the Benzos would help was the worry itself. Il be progressing through my day happy and carefree and wont mind as my heart sets off a period of Disrhythimic heartbeat, then shortness of breath, fatigue and exhaustion. Il adapt and say "Oh well Im gonna die but thats okay" instead of a panic which might have ensued back in the summer, I simply slow my pace or take a breather or worse, il smoke a cigarette cuz for 8 years ive smoked like twice a month. Sometimes happy moments or excitement trigger an arrhythmia. Strangely, excersize seems to only IMPROVE the conditions as long as I dont do it while on adderall. " So in essence the panic attacks might not be a panic attack. …. sometimes weakening my blood flow. Finally, the latest develoment that just has started occuring is that my vision and muscular coordination have become mildly compromised but this may or may not be due to ativan. Id be surprised if my heart held up to all my rough past only to be stamped out by a low dose therapeutic relatively less toxic amphetamine. Some have told me my body is still detoxing and the stimulation from the unfamiliar adderall creates elecrical circuit and other organic malfunction possibly related to arrhythmia, But its been a good 5 months now and I remain physically stagnant or possibly slowly deteriorating. Id like to bet giving up the adderall meds would help for sure but I cant do that at this time If I do, and ive tried, Il immediately be placed at risk for re-entering my old lifestyle and thats NOT what I need. So folks? im 25, cute and thin… But my body is sick as a raw pot roast you accidentally stuck in the cupboard instead of the fridge before heading away for the weekend.

Now I know most of you will say I NEED TO GO SEE A DOCTOR and yes while that is ULTIMATELY the only way to CERTIFY a diagnois, Aside from an emergency its NOT AN OPTION for me at this time so I figure the best I can do is post these and get some intelligent insight and that way i can manage myself best until I CAN see a doctor.
Finally Some history to factor in: I was given HIGH doses of ritali

better see a doctor

Body size, gender and the complexity of heart disease significantly influence how much cumulative radiation skin dose that patients receive during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy, also known as angioplasty, according to a new Mayo Clinic study. The study was undertaken as a quality control initiative to reduce the potential radiation risks of cancer to patients and PCI operators. Presented today at the annual meeting of the American College of Cardiology, the review of 14 months worth of radiation data from 1,827 adult patients is an important early step in understanding ways to improve PCI safety and quality while optimizing therapeutic benefits. The Mayo Clinic study identified 20 clinical traits and circumstances that help predict whether a patient likely received higher or lower doses of radiation. Significance Identifying optimal means of using radiation in PCI is important because a chief advantage of PCI is its minimally-invasive nature in successfully opening vessels and placing stents, which makes it an increasingly popular option for treating select cases of heart disease. PCIs minimally-invasive advantages include reducing patient trauma, speeding recovery and lowering costs, compared to traditional heart surgeries. However, PCI owes its precision, safety and effectiveness to the X-ray fluoroscopy imaging used. X-ray fluoroscopy produces many images to make a movie that allows physicians to visualize the intricate vessel anatomy being treated and, therefore, holds the potential for increased radiation risk. The amount of radiation dose used during PCI procedures is generally much greater than that used for a typical X-ray image such as a chest X-ray. But because a chest X-ray is usually a screening test and a PCI is a lifesaving procedure, from the clinical perspective, the risk of not performing the PCI is much greater than the predicted radiation risk associated with the procedure. Mayo study results show: •Indicators of higher radiation dose included male gender higher body mass index (BMI); more complex disease, such as multiple diseased vessels or complex anatomy and lesions in the vessels; and previous history of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. •The median patient Body Mass Index (BMI) was 29.7, with most patients having a BMI between 21 and 44.6. A BMI less than 30 can fall into normal (2024.9) or overweight (2529.9) categories. •The median cumulative skin radiation dose was 1.5 Gray (Gy), a unit of absorbed radiation, with a range 0.34 Gy to 4.5 Gy. In general, the cancer risk for a typical PCI is likely about 0.05 percent, whereas the natural cancer rate from daily living is about 35 percent, the Mayo team noted. Implications for Cure Radiation risk is a recognized hazard of our specialty that has not been systematically or aggressively addressed, explained Chet Rihal, M.D., lead cardiovascular physician on the study. But our commitment to patient safety and quality at Mayo Clinic, and to protecting operators who perform the therapy, makes this a priority issue for us. The next step for us is to follow up from this initial identification of the problem and lead efforts to formulate specific practice changes clinicians can use to improve safety while maintaining quality. Data also showed that radiation doses that comparable patients received differed depending on which of the 13 physicians treated them. Dr. Rihal said investigating possible causes of this finding is among the goals of the next phase of study. In this video, Dr. Rihal talks about the study, it’s findings and what it means.

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I hated an answer I read so I checked the user and found they gave 900 answers that all promoted the same website/product. I sent this explanation with my "report"…

***How many companies could do this before your site becomes a useless joke populated by advertisers.

If you review any 10 answers this "PERSON" offers you will see that this “Company” is OBVIOUSLY promoting their product/website. The problem is they offer false/biased opinions. I have reviewed the Answers they have offered and find many conflicts etc. that make it clear that this is just a marketing tactic for a company and not a person sharing their experience or opinion.

Bad advice is expected and actually helpful on a site like your in that it will spur debate. Bad, wrong or unpopular opinions are WONDERFUL and I am not suggesting that you limit any well meaning and legitimate people. Reading the answers that this “company” has scattered through the “pain” questions make it clear that there is no personal advise or experience being offered.

ALSO… the medical advice given is often wrong or misleading. I chose this answer to "report" because it is an example of this bad advise. This “company” is incorrect to say that heat will “not do anything to heal your body.” Heating (or cooling) an injury is very therapeutic. Increasing and/or decreasing blood flow to a region of the body is the most obvious advantage but there are many other.

Please eliminate this member and delete their answers. No one will miss them.***

Is the company abusing the system? Will Yahoo care?

No they don’t allow it although you could put a link to a site or product if it was pertinent to the question. (i.e Q. can someone tell me the name of the best web host)
You should always report these spam answers, they are damn annoying especially the ones which take up most of the page. If everyone clicks that report button each time they see this sort of spam it might go a long way to helping rid us of them. You can also post this query on the YA forum, you’re going to get an answer from yahoo staff.
Although they do take it seriously i really don’t know what they do about it. I have posted suggestions on how to stop this on the forums and they have written to me and basically thanked me for the advice and assured me they are taking it seriously, but cannot divulge what course of action they are taking.
Their advice is to help them by reporting spam immediately.

Without a chemical
Alone in the dark
Waiting for the lies
To appear in a spark
Saying I’ll be fine
Dose of medication
Therapeutic aroma of you
Another form of temptation
Aching for a real adieu
Yeah I’m trying to think and it’s not coming to me >.<

I love how it ends with adieu, however I feel like it ended slightly abrupt. Maybe you could add something that could rhyme with adieu before you end it like that.

Well a poem written by you is YOUR poem and it really doesn’t matter what others think of it, write what matters to you. That’s what a poem is.

什麼是~~~長效型~~~排卵針??
2.3.4.5.11.10
8.9.7

Org 36286 Will Reduce The Number Of Injections Needed In IVF And ICSI

Main Category: Fertility
Also Included In: Endocrinology; Clinical Trials / Drug Trials
Article Date: 06 Oct 2006 – 0:00 PDT

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Speaking at an expert meeting in Athens marking the tenth anniversary of the launch of Puregon?, Dr Bernadette Mannaerts from Organon Global Clinical Development described a phase II controlled dose-finding study designed to investigate the response to three different doses (60, 120 or 180 micrograms) of Org 36286 given for controlled ovarian stimulation prior to IVF or ICSI. In total 233 subjects were treated with Org 36286, and 81 subjects were in the Puregon reference group. The response to treatment was measured as the number of oocytes retrieved for fertilization (1).

Dr Mannaerts reported that a single subcutaneous injection of Org 36286 followed by a fixed daily dose of Puregon from day 8 onwards induced multiple follicular growth at all doses; a mean of 5.2 oocytes were retrieved from the group given a single 60 mcg injection, 10.3 oocytes from the group given 120 mcg, and 12.5 oocytes from the group given 180 mcg. The trial was conclusive in that it demonstrated a significant dose-response for the number of oocytes recovered. Accordingly, serum levels of estradiol and inhibin-B also increased in a dose-proportional way. No safety concerns arose during the study.

Org 36286 is the first fertility hormone to reach this phase of development since the launch of Puregon, and it is also, as a new biological entity, the first of a new class of drugs with the proposed name “sustained follicle stimulants”. The sustained action of Org 36286 is derived from an elimination half-life measured in this study as 66 hours. This means that the activity of Org 36286 is sustained over a much longer period than conventional hormones, which require a daily injection for adequate stimulation of the ovaries. However, as this study suggests, just one injection of Org 36286 at the beginning of the treatment phase has the equivalent effect of seven daily injections of the conventional therapy.

“These phase II results support our belief that Org 36286 will be able to reduce the number of injections for controlled ovarian stimulation considerably and make the treatment a much simpler procedure,” stated Dr Mannaerts.

The phase III program of Org 36286’s development – known as LIFE – has already been initiated and will be conducted in Europe, North America and Australia. The phase III program is designed to provide efficacy and safety data for subsequent new drug applications throughout the world. The first birth following treatment with a single injection of Org 36286 has already been reported during phase II testing (2).

About Organon

Organon – with shared head offices in Roseland, NJ, USA and Oss, The Netherlands – creates, manufactures and markets innovative prescription medicines that improve the health and quality of human life. Through a combination of independent growth and business partnerships, Organon strives to remain or become one of the leading biopharmaceutical companies in each of its core therapeutic fields: fertility, gynecology, anesthesia and neuroscience. Research areas also include immunology and oncology. Organon products are sold in over 100 countries, of which more than 60 have an Organon subsidiary. Organon is the human health care business unit of Akzo Nobel.

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